Cross compile kernel. How to install cross-compiled linux modules to ARM board.


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    1. Cross compile kernel s:43: Error: selected processor does not support 'dmb ish' in ARM mode While normally not possible on embedded platforms, it is possible to build kernels on your Raspberry Pi with its luxurious root file system. The file contains: # 'source' this script in your shell export VERSION=gcc-linaro-7. Linaro is a popular platform providing high-quality code for both Linux kernel and GCC tool chain. 0. out ozw-power-on-off. It can be convenient to setup environment variables for cross-compile in the current shell. o A You have a mac? You need to compile linux kernel for your Raspberry PI? Great. In this section, you will find how to get the Jetson Orin AGX BSP sources and cross-compile to generate the kernel image and modules. k. gcc-stage-2: Build a full (stage 2) C cross-compiler; The source of the headers and libc will vary across platforms. /scripts/rt-patch. CF is often used on the command-line like this: Fortunately, cross-compilation is part of the kernel DNA; as a result, Linux provides options such as CROSS_COMPILE and ARCH that allow developers to indicate which cross-compile and architecture they want to use to build their kernel. This chapter examines the procedure for building your Raspbian kernel. Commented Apr 29, 2012 at 10:44. Jetson AGX Xavier. 5: 1619: October 14, 2021 Kernel-4. 1. Debian cross build quality assurance. So I wish that I can compile kernel on PC and compile modules on Pi. ; linux-libc-dev: Linux Building the toolchain works fine but when using it to cross-compile the Linux kernel (Using the multi_v7_defconfig from kernel version 4. Cross-compiling on a powerful host enables quick detection of kernel compile errors and config errors, as shown in the stable queue builds project. Part 5. --with-sysroot gives the sys-root on the host, containing header and libraries compiled for the target system. However, at times, it can be difficult to compile programs. 140-tegra SMP preempt mod_unload Cross-compiling of kernel module for ARM architecture. From Cross-compiling the kernel, see that they are not the same at all: The CPU architecture and cross-compiler prefix are defined through the ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE variables in the toplevel Makefile. --target gives the target system. This example is for RPI3. An Ubuntu 16. Am I missing any additional steps? linux; linux-kernel; cross-compiling; kernel-module; Share. Now you can easily compile the Linux kernel with Clang/LLVM , a modern C-family compiler. I'm trying to cross compile a helloworld kernel module with specifications: host: intel x86 32 bit, linux-3. device driver) for a ARM Linux system. If you pick the cross compiler wrongly, the following may happen: $ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CC} distclean $ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CC} am335x_evm_defconfig $ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CC} Linux Kernel. Case sensitive file system. I must say that I am using the modified version of the riscv-tools of Ariane-SDK, but I didn't know anywhere else to ask for help, as I am really struggling with the creation of the Makefile for the cross-compile. Do make. Improve this question. If you use only LLVM tools, CROSS_COMPILE or target-triple-prefixes become unnecessary. I followed this steps: Download sources from this on my host machine and unzip in /usrs/src I copied /proc/config. " - On Stack Overflow we don't write guides and other tutorials. e for Available system calls and their numbers, Constant definitions, Data structures, etc. Makefile for building library across multiple architectures. As the config (1) program used to create header files and Makefile for a kernel build is platform specific, it is necessary to use the nbconfig program that's part of a newly created toolchain (created for example with /usr/src/build. /boot/kernel7l. The most frequent change in that Makefile is the version number, so if you look at its commit history you can find the first commit using 4. This tutorial introduces cross compilation and remote device execution with RPC in TVM. Cross Compile Linux Kernel Module. The difference is just the name of the kernel— kernel. The components that can be usually found on an SoC include a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output ports, A kernel sources package can be quickly emerged from the Gentoo ebuild repository or fetch the latest sources from kernel. sh -m sparc64 tools My current command to compile the kernel (which defaults to 64bit) is: obj-m += test. My Pi 2 run out of RAM before by setting to 0 (auto, it eventually uses 5 threads) and i couldn't compile the toolchain (the kernel killed the compiler as it uses too much RAM). I have Zynq target running on 3. To find the latest release for that version, start with the next one I try to crosscompile the linux kernel 3. Below the script file and kernel config patch would work together to The standard way to do cross-compilation is to just override the compiler/linker. img or kernel7. I am looking into cross compiling a kernel module for an ARM linux. The code of my LKM is the following: I cross compile a RPI3 32bit kernel from my x86 (ubuntu container on docker) and when tried to disable some variables (in my case e. 4. Best regards, Kemal Make deb packages for kernel cd linux-source-4. Cross compiling Linux ARM kernel modules 01 Dec 2017. So i've downloaded the proper toolchain (uclibc mipsle toolchain) and i was successfull in compiling a simple working hello world that i've executed on my router where i have an ssh shell. mk_kernel: The name of the kernel config file. On the RPI itself menuconfig showed those settings in "System Type" but this menu isnt even there. That way I was able to specify the kernel headers build directory for cross compiling the kernel module and it worked. For instance, maybe your project is large and your board doesn’t have enough It is possible to use the cross compiled kernel as a drop in replacement for the running kernel by replacing the kernel on the file system (e. 9 failed to compile. Example: arm if you want to compile a kernel for the arm architecture when I have cross-compile kernel to TEGRA_KERNEL_OUT path, how can I cross-compile external kernel module next? I follow NVIDIA Tegra Linux Driver Package Development Guide 32. Compiling it specifically for other architectures requires cross-compiling. PART A: Cross Compile U-Boot and Linux Kernel 1. Cross compile module with arm-eabi-gcc. 1 Build fails. Follow If you look at the Pi kernel source -- it is distinct from the mainline "vanilla" kernel -- on github, you can see by the top level Makefile the current stable is 4. That means if you use only LLVM tools, CROSS_COMPILE becomes unnecessary. It seems like you aren't really cross compiling but you have just replaced your compiler. Here, we download GCC latest-6 binary under arm-linux-gnueabihf. asked Jan 21, 2014 at 18:35. Installing a newly built kernel isn't that simple, especially if you're targetting a Raspberry Pi Compute Module board. The method for actually compiling the kernel is all the same. For other platdorm just adjust ARCH, KERNEL, and CROSS_COMPILE envs. 8 (this works ok). If CROSS_COMPILE is not specified, the --target=<triple> is inferred from ARCH. Follow edited Jan 21, 2014 at 19:57. For example, to cross-compile the arm64 kernel: You'll need to build using the same source tree as the existing kernel - including any patches. gz is extracted?. /make Notes for cross-compiling. 70) I get a whole bunch of the following error: /tmp/ccMrtEje. To compile the driver (aka kernel module), I need the linux headers for the kernel used in the device, for which I need . E. make file you can see the used defconfig, architecture, tool-chain and other cross compile specific rules. 26 used ppc or powerpc, so I would try: make menuconfig ARCH=powerpc CROSS_COMPILE=ppc_xyz- As far as I know, there is no tutorial for doing that. --with-arch gives the CPU architecture of the target system. source that can be used by running source arm64_compile_env. config which was used to compile the kernel. Nick Desaulniers , a software engineer at Google, is contributing to the Linux kernel build system (kbuild) by submitting and contributing kernel patches. 14. Build the kernel Now instead use make menuconfig we will use . linux-headers: The kernel headers, required when compiling any code that interfaces with the kernel. 04-based environment for cross-compiling Raspberry Pi kernel. 34. Drone), linux-2. g: qemu) testing Cross-compile a kernel for a system with flair! The relevant kernel sources should be installed first. 140-tegra SMP preempt mod_unload cross compile kernel module faild. I use the cross-compiler “gcc-linaro-7. However, by default, the kernel is compiled for the native architecture of the machine doing the compiling (x86_64 in my case). If you are cross-compiling the kernel, ensure that the CROSS_COMPILE environment variable is set as described in preceding sections. As compare to compile kernel, compiling simple modules is fast and easy. user3215598 user3215598. How to install cross-compiled linux modules to ARM board. Do I need to cross-compile the kernel first? How? Yes you do. Since i didn't get how to compile just kernel modules in a standalone way, i decided to cross-compile the entire kernel and take the modules i needed. You are now building tools required for the build for ARM and try to run them on Windows. However, compiling with GCC 9. Linux KernelのImageやDevice TreeをARM用にクロスコンパイルする方法 Linux 64-bit binaries for the Aarch64 Linux cross-toolchain $ wget https: {PATH}の配下に"aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"や"aarch64-linux-gnu-g++"がある) export CROSS_COMPILE = "aarch64-linux-gnu-" # 同時に実行可能なジョブ(コマンド)数の Cross Compiling Linux Arm Kernel with new driver module. 1 Too high ram usage; "Can anyone please guide how to compile linux perf tools and dependent kernel module from scratch/source. When installing a cross-compiled kernel, you need to get the kernel and related files into the SD card. Let me explain it by using an example. o $(CXX) -o $@ Install cross tool chain in your host PC. 6. cross compile raspberry pi kernel module. This is called cross-compiling. This only works as long as the configuration doesn't differ too much. I have tired to build kernel and modules directly on Pi, it is fine. 14 much time for my beaglebone black with different ARCH(x64, i386) and different toolchain. L2 cache or branch prediction) I cannot find anything (with search). That shouldn't be a problem. – Will. --with-fpu=vfp declares to use the “vector floating point” unit of the ARM I can't remember, right now, if 2. Cross Compiling¶ A single Clang compiler binary (and corresponding LLVM utilities) will typically contain all supported back ends, which can help simplify cross compiling especially when Cross-compilation refers to the process of compiling code on one platform for execution on another platform. Cross Compile Android and Dependencies. You can cross compile the kernel modules by running a make linux command from the SDK's top directory. Because it used the same configuration file and the same version string the available modules should still load. 1. . In the Rules. 4 Cross-compiling Linux from source; 7. Check it out. 05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu”. To cross compile the kernel, you'll need two compilers: One that is able to build tools that run in your build environment, and one that can create executables for your target. It is defined by the name of the subdirectory in arch/ in the kernel sources . , let’s talk about cross-compiling the Linux kernel. Cross compiling a kernel module ARM. 7: 1601: October 18, 2021 How do I build a kernel on my Jetson Nano? Jetson Nano. ARCH is the name of the architecture. The Overflow Blog Even high-quality code can lead to tech debt. It can be a nice "hack" if we The Linux kernel, by necessity, needs to run on a wide variety of architectures. z from tx2 to my host machine (zcat CROSS_COMPILE¶ Specify an optional fixed part of the binutils filename. Making your package ready for cross-compilation. Add a comment | 1 Answer Sorted by: Reset to The purpose of kernel headers is -->C library and compiled programs needs to interact with the kernel i. Define the Environment Variables. Make it executable: $ chmod +x make We're done. e. CF is often used on the command-line like this: linux-kernel; cross-compiling; autoconf; or ask your own question. o: Main. I will use this configuration as an example, but you can apply the same method for other environments. 10. Linaro GCC. Debian automated cross-bootstrapping. To find the latest release for that version, start with the next one Specifying cross-compilation. 3 Loading out-of-tree kernel modules; 7. img. Export the cross tool chain path in your host PC using export command. 5 Compiling Linux with clang; 7. 15: 1384: July 1, 2023 tk1 - When you compile your kernel, mention the architecture you are compiling for in: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- EXTRAVERSION=-custom1 uImage I cross-compile some kernel modules, several modules is ok. This is different from traditional compilation, where code is compiled for the same platform on which it will be executed. System on a Chip¶. config file) How to set KDIR path? The Path where linux_kernel_2. You might as well at this point rebuild the entire kernel. 2. I have done this earlier for another custom build imx233 board - in that case I had configured the kernel build system (LTIB) to leave the kernel sources and rootfs intact after building the image. 0. CROSS_COMPILE is also used for ccache in some setups. "CROSS_COMPILE" for gcc cross platform compile settings "PATH" for the make procedure being able to find the cross platform compiler tools; The settings of these environment variables can be found in Install Xilinx tools page; Input Files Required. Cross Install. 1 2 3 4 GCC is the Traditional Default C Compiler used in the Linux kernel back then and now. 2 Release, and faild. If you're adding a driver it's probably easiest to compile it in-tree. Note, that documentation usually notes only the minimal compiler version. But there's something I am not quite getting from various how-tos. Thanks to its Debian-based OS, Raspberry Pi offers a robust developer experience. 2. ko file to target and insert it. How do I cross compile a single module? 4. Therefore, compiling the C library requires kernel headers, and many applications also require them. Tells GCC to consider dir as the root of a tree that contains (a subset of) the root filesystem of the target operating system. To do what you want though it's a little bit more difficult, install the cross compiler, get the same kernel version that you want the module to work with, copy the config from the target kernel, update the path to the compiler and I'll have to cross-compile on my laptop. Coupled with emulation, testing Compiling it specifically for other architectures requires cross-compiling. Right? If not, here is a hint: $ . As you say it is a If you are attempting to compile an OS kernel you will require a cross compiler as things such as the binary format will differ and you most likely won't want to include c headers for the compiler either (or you will want to use the headers from the OS you are targeting). deb generated to the target Raspbery Pi, for example using scp. Author: Ziheng Jiang, Lianmin Zheng. 17 you need to give CROSS_COMPILE= on the command line when cross-compiling, e. Cross compilation for ARM board? Hot Network Questions Whose logo for an invited seminar in another university? What if a potential This article discusses how to cross-compile for Raspberry Pi efficiently. I have a linux distribution of 64 bits, and the arm inside imx6 is based in 32 bits. CROSS_COMPILE can be a part of the filename or the full path. Follow me Part 1. Linux kernel images; Task Description Hi, I need help to cross-compile the kernel, in refer to this post. Cross compilation for ARM board? 2. The kernel version on my Compiling gcc as a cross compiler should be fairly simple, however I have never attempted it on Windows. user3215598. : make ARCH=parisc CROSS_COMPILE=hppa64-linux-gnu- # to build a 32- or 64-bit kernel (depending on the value in the . 17 you don’t need to give CROSS_COMPILE= on the command line any longer, just run: make ARCH=parisc # to All I want to do is cross compile my kernel for the linux arm machine with a newly included driver (included in the config from make menuconfig). CF¶ Additional options for sparse. Consider a developer with an x86 laptop who wants to deploy a clever bug fix for an embedded device that uses an The buildworld step starts by building a cross-compiler and a few related tools. Distributions such as Android, ChromeOS, CROSS_COMPILE is not used to prefix the Clang compiler binary (or corresponding LLVM utilities) as is the case for GNU utilities when LLVM=1 Meaning of some commands when cross-compiling kernel for Raspberry Pi. Hot Network Questions Quartz crystals: Is it "load capacitance" or "loading You can cross compile the kernel modules by running a make linux command from the SDK's top directory. Earthly simplifies the build process for cross-compilation. Then follow the instructions given at the end of the command used to build the kernel (see above). 1 Packaging a single kernel module; 8. You know what to do next. Jetson Nano. For the query How the C library works in cross-tools. With cross compilation and RPC, you can compile a program on your local machine then run it on the remote device. Compiling Unix The Linux kernel has always traditionally been compiled with GNU toolchains such as GCC and binutils. 8. out: ozw-power-on-off. However, the manufacturer doesn't provide it, nor it's baked into the kernel via CONFIG_IKCONFIG. You can find the subtasks and other build targets in the Makefile. The Linux kernel has always traditionally been compiled with GNU toolchains such as GCC and binutils. o all: make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules In gcc, I would use the -m32 flag but in this case, I don't know how the Kernel compilation works, so I I try to crosscompile the linux kernel 3. how to compile Linux Kernel 4. Attempt #1: invoking the rule with arch=arm64; Attempt #2: dpkg-buildpackage; Attempt #3: set up sbuild and a focal chroot; Emulated native build with qemu-user-static and binfmt_misc I find the real problem is the kernel tools contained in the scripts dir must be compiled as native formats, which may assistant kernel building. For other platform just adjust ARCH, KERNEL, and CROSS_COMPILE envs. Note: This step is required if you want to have kernel files outside docker. 47 I am new at Linux kernel and I try to make a cross compile to build a driver for imx6, previusly I created the kernel using Yocto1. Hot Network Questions Must one be a researcher at a university to become an author of a research paper? Qt cross-architecture development in Debian by Enrico Zini . In this post, I will discuss how to successfully cross-compile any program for any architecture in the Linux What is cross compiling? Cross compilation is where the compiler produces executable for running on a different platform. Mainline – Download CROSS_COMPILE¶ Specify an optional fixed part of the binutils filename. source. Make it executable: it is better to use latest kernel headers to compile libc but use --enable-kernel switch Build the cross-compiled C library (using the stage 1 cross compiler). cpp $(CXX) $(INCLUDES) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $^ -o $@ ozw-power-on-off. If you pick the cross compiler wrongly, the following may happen: I am trying to build a simple Linux Kernel Module for the Ariane RISC-V implementation. g: qemu) testing on non-native architectures becomes easier The above explanation is slightly broad; let’s make it more focused on the kw context, i. Although you can install a cross compiler with apt conveniently, I must warn you that this is not necessarily reliable unless explicitly supported by the image provider. 4, you point the CROSS_COMPILE variable at the GCC 9. The module I want to build is gadgetfs. I have my toolchain installed. ; linux-image: The kernel image and the associated modules. Debian bootstrapping. It is useful when the remote device resource are limited, like Raspberry Pi and mobile platforms. 24. But, it seems not working. A kernel sources package can be quickly emerged from the Gentoo ebuild Expanding on my previous blog post, which covered the basics of natively building a Linux kernel from scratch, we will now look at building a kernel for a different architecture. Target system. Despite this, cross-compiling on desktop systems is preferred for faster compile times. g. 6 Overriding kernel packages; 8 Patching a single In-tree kernel module. Four approaches to creating a specialized LLM. Cross Compiling Linux Arm Kernel with new driver module. This guide will allow you to cross-compile a loadable kernel module (LKM; a. However, it is easy to forget to use these parameters or mess with global variables, especially if you are doing it for the first time. 0 is the same as compiling with GCC 4. . Change the make file of the kernel module to set the compiler as CROSS_COMPILE. Prerequisites. Enter these commands to build an out-of-tree kernel module: $ cd <path_to_module_source> $ make ARCH=arm64 –C <kernel_directory> M=$(pwd) Cross Compiling Linux Arm Kernel with new driver module. 35-rt52 #1 SMP PREEMPT RT Wed Jun 12 09:57:26 CDT 2013 armv7l GNU/Linux I need to add Ethernet bonding driver kernel module , but got errors can you help me on Cross-compile value proposition 30+ architectures supported (several sub-archs) Native compile testing requires wide range of test systems – not practical Ability to cross-compile non-natively on an widely available architecture helps detect compile errors Coupled with emulation environments (e. The official documentation for the Linux For reliability in serious applications, the disk image provider must also provide a compatible cross compiler. Cross-compiling Linux kernel using crosstool-ng based toolchain. The CPU architecture and cross-compiler prefix are defined through the ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE variables in the toplevel Makefile. Linux kernel source directory; Output Files Produced. I have this configuration in my makefile: There is no requirement that CROSS_COMPILE should start with ARCH, it is just a convention. org. Building kernel, however, as you know, is much more time consuming. Make sure you are ready to build the BSP by checking our Assumptions section. 140-rt93-tegra #1 SMP PREEMPT RT Wed Jan 12 12:06:21 CST 2022 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux but when I cross compile my kernel module the modinfo is: vermagic: 4. like --with-sysroot=${CLFS_CROSS_TOOLS}--with-sysroot--with-sysroot=dir. Cross compile LKM module for Android platform. config file) Starting with Kernel v5. Linaro's GCC toolchain of varoius versions can be directly found here. But there is one module I can’t compile successfully. Hot Network Questions Why does a rod move faster when struck at the center If you look at the Pi kernel source -- it is distinct from the mainline "vanilla" kernel -- on github, you can see by the top level Makefile the current stable is 4. The kernel should be installed into the sysroot so if desired to cross-compile packages which include kernel modules, the process will be transparent. 0 toolchain (or use PATH and update the CROSS_COMPILE prefix to match) and go from there. The kernel tree is self-contained, so simply cross-compiling it in place will work. Move the . 05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu export "Paths and misc options" ---> Under "Build behavior", set "Number of parallel jobs" to 1. the following would cross-compile for i686-w64-mingw32 : $ cat Makefile . Cross-compilation is often used in embedded systems where the development platform To cross-compile a kernel for AArch64 on Ubuntu, you need to install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu, and run the build as make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- Ability to cross-compile non-natively on an widely available architecture helps detect compile errors Coupled with emulation environments (e. makefile obj-m :=test. When compiling and building cross-tool chain during configuration they will provide sysroot. Yes, just as you normally would for any other kind of module, KDIR needs to point to the built kernel source root. debian-cross mailing list The meaning of the arguments to configure:--prefix gives the Binutils install location on the host. You can try set it to 2 or 3 for faster build, but 1 should be the safest. But none of them can start correctly. - Check the docs for that kernel (README, Documentation/Changes, and so) or google. Try to compile the tools, and if you have faced a concrete problem, then search for that problem, and if nothing helps, then ask on Stack Overflow. Best regards, Kemal Now I want to cross compile kernel modules for the OLinuXino board. 20 for RISC-V. A System on a Chip (SoC) is an integrated circuit (IC) that integrates an entire system onto it. It then uses that to do a full world build, where world means basically everything except the kernel and kernel modules; The architecture to cross-build. 1-2018. 0 target: ARM machine (Parrot AR. 27. Featured on Meta We’re (finally!) going to the cloud! Updates to the upcoming Community Asks Sprint. How to cross compile is easy, just install the appropriate cross compiler, and in the config set the target architecture and the compiler and build it as normal. This script will build the kernel, modules, device tree binaries and copy them to the deploy directory. It's a lot simpler if you build the kernel on the Pi itself, but the whole process can take hours to Copy the Debian packages *. 9. kernel. It always stop at ## B For reliability in serious applications, the disk image provider must also provide a compatible cross compiler. Guidelines for cross-build packaging. CF is often used on the command-line like this: I use this command to recompile the kernel on xavier. /make menuconfig. 2 Replacing default kernel modules; 9 Sysctls; 10 Troubleshooting. 19. ARMv7 (32-bit) ARM qemu emulating vexpress-a9 board I use this command to recompile the kernel on xavier. That means that the kernel is compilable by any gcc released before the kernel: the kernel documentation is rarely updated just because new gcc is released. In this post, I will discuss how to successfully cross-compile any program for any architecture in the Linux kernel. Added file named arm64_compile_env. I followed the official RPI kernel build guide All I want to do is cross compile my kernel for the linux arm machine with a newly included driver (included in the config from make menuconfig). tar. bin) and reboot. CROSS_COMPILE¶ Specify an optional fixed part of the binutils filename. – Why Ubuntu (vendor) kernel? Why cross-compile? Create flavour and build natively on Enzian "Shallow-fork" the vendor tree; Set up kernel flavour; Cross compile. Open a terminal and run the following commands to export the environment variables that will be used Cross Compilation and RPC . Ongoing work has allowed for Clang and LLVM utilities to be used as viable substitutes. 41. Before Kernel v5. Related. It always stop at ## B Cross Compiling¶ A single Clang compiler binary (and corresponding LLVM utilities) will typically contain all supported back ends, which can help simplify cross compiling especially when LLVM=1 is used. Example: 7. a. I will hack the broken cross-builded kernel manualy. But this tools cannot be reused when doing DKMS, this is simply because DKMS conflicts quitely with cross-compile. 3. In the procedure to follow, I assume that you have the SD card mounted on your cross-compile host file system. To be built as a cross compiler gcc needs to be configured with --host=<host_os> and --target=<target_os where <host_os> is the platform the compiler will run on (windows in your case) and <target_os> is the platform you are targetting. Must I cross-compile modules if the kernel is cross-compiled? 1. PHONY: ozw owz: ozw-power-on-off. 19; make ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=mips64-linux-gnuabi64- oldconfig; make ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=mips64-linux-gnuabi64- KDEB_PKGVERSION=1 -j`nproc` bindeb-pkg; Download the source. sh apply-patches the kernel version is : Linux nvidia-desktop 4. pyxdd cfjkv bjdezqjh cdbpmth quzhx tdjqc uqjrwt uetluaf huw deduo